In this study, the effect of adding an inorganic additive (IA) to electrostatic thermosiphon enamel on the enamel properties was investigated. The IA was included in the formulation at 0%, 3%, 5%, and 10% levels, leading to noticeable changes in the electrostatic thermosiphon enamel’s performance. The samples were also compared with current market products, and the optimized formulations were tested for food contact safety using UBA 60 and UBA 85 protocols.
The results showed that the IA improved acid resistance and lightened the enamel color. Moreover these changes, adhesion to the metal surface remained strong. According to the UBA test results, toxic metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were not detected in any sample. In samples without the additive, the release of metals like iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and cobalt (Co) increased with rising temperature. This aligns with the Arrhenius model, which explains that higher temperatures increase ion release.
In contrast, the enamel containing IA remained stable and stayed within safe metal release limits, demonstrating the additive’s good thermal stability. Overall, the IA provided several benefits and improved enamel performance in a balanced way.
Keywords: Thermosiphon enamel, inorganic additive, UBA testing, enamel performance